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Maternal Immune activation, Fetal Inflammatory REsponse syndrome

4/8/2025

and MULTI-SYSTEM Neuro-developmental & Psychiatric Neuro-immune developmental disorders

Exposure to Maternal Immune Activation Causes Congenital Unfolded Protein Response Defects and Increases the Susceptibility to Postnatal Inflammatory Stimulation in Offspring (2021)

Conclusion:

Overall, MIA exposure in utero caused failure in UPR [unfolded protein response] as well as immune overreaction to the second attack of inflammation in offspring.

Our results suggested that prenatal exposure to MIA might contribute to the congenital inflammatory constitution after birth.

The Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy as Drug Targets in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (2020)

Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies (2025)

"Cytokine-mediated inflammation is increasingly recognized for playing a vital role in the pathophysiology of a wide range of brain disorders, including neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental problems. . . .

"As research advances, the creation of personalized, cytokine-centered therapeutics has the potential to alter the therapy landscape for brain illnesses, giving patients hope for better results and a higher quality of life."

Maternal immune activation and neuroinflammation in human neurodevelopmental disorders (2021)

Key points

Human studies are uncovering a role for maternal immune activation (MIA) in the pathogenesis of common neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Tourette syndrome, in the offspring.

Prenatal, in utero and postnatal embedding of environmental factors in the epigenetic architecture of both the brain and the peripheral immune system can modulate individual susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders.

The effects of MIA, mediated by acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy, are transduced to the fetus through inflammatory cell signalling pathways and epigenetic mechanisms.

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns and Toll-like receptors represent a convergent cellular pathway between heterogeneous environmental factors and innate immune activation.

In conjunction with individual genetic risk, sex-related factors and second ‘immune’ hits during life, MIA-induced aberrant immune programming results in a loss of immune homeostasis, which is associated with behavioural abnormalities in animal models.

Fetal inflammatory response and risk for psychiatric disorders (2023)

Children born to placentas meeting criteria for FIRS [Fetal Immune Response Syndrome] were more likely to be diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Specifically, they were more likely to be diagnosed with

autism spectrum disorder,
conduct disorder,
adjusting for maternal history of
- psychiatric disorders,
- intra-partem substance use, and
- prescriptions of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Children born with placental inflammation are at an increased risk to develop neuropsychiatric disorders.
This has profound implications for future research, and early detection, monitoring, and treatment in these children.

Anti-psychotics and Glial cells

4/6/2025

Val's Take/Conjecture

With respect to Psychiatric Medications ---- some of them are affecting Microglia both positively and negatively.

The antipsychotic chlorpromazine reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial voltage-gated potassium channels (2025)
*Korean Researchers

"This review will provide a summary of the dual role of antipsychotics on neurochemical parameters associated with glial functions and will highlight the potential activity of glio-protective molecules to improve the action of antipsychotics."

Olanzapine, Risperidone and Clozapine prescribing is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s Disease reflecting antipsychotic-specific effects on microglial phagocytosis (2023)
*UK & Swedish Researchers

The Janus face of antipsychotics in glial cells: Focus on glio-protection (2023)
*Brazilian & German Researchers

Translational Medicine Friday

We're riffing off NPR's Science Friday to create Translational Medicine Friday.

We'll be collecting Research Article recommendations for Clinicians with regard to Cognitive Disability.

There is much in the RESEARCH JOURNALS and we'll just be SKIMMING THE SURFACE.

The POINT is to INCREASE FUNDING for TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH at the Federal Level for the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control, the Nation's Research & Teaching Hospitals and possible collaborations with Medicare and Medicaid providers.

Translational Medicine Friday

Maternal Immune activation, Fetal Inflammatory REsponse syndrome

and MULTI-SYSTEM Neuro-developmental & Psychiatric Neuro-immune developmental disorders

Anti-psychotics and Glial cells

Translational Medicine Friday

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